The optimum condition to immobilize CRL onto the support was a 16 h immobilization time with pentanoic acid to ethanol molar ratio of 1:1. The FTIR results showed amide bonds at 1390, 1500, and 1650 cm-1, which corroborated the covalent bonded CRL on the support.
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Atomic power and field-emission scanning micrographs confirmed the presence of CRL on the support's surface. Raman spectral data revealed that the GO was successfully synthesized from graphite. The support and immobilized lipase were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, FESEM, and FTIR methods. This present study proposed the fabrication of low-cost support comprising co-precipitated magnetic nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and silica extracted from oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL).
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Thus, there is a need for new enzyme supports to be prepared from sustainable and readily available biodegradable resources. Whereas enzymes are usually immobilized on solid supports for improving stability, recovery and activity, there are concerns that the synthetic and non-biodegradable nature of the support materials could negatively impact the environment. Despite the benefits of bio-based enzyme biocatalysts, high production-and separation from reaction mixture costs hinders their industrial applications.